Researches also point to Citrulline as possibly a greater alternative to
Arginine for enhancing plasma Arginine2 levels because of
Citrullines effects on endogenous Arginine synthesis-meaning that CM may be
a superior alternative to Arginine for regulating Nitric Oxide production,
growth hormone release, insulin and creatine production.
And that's not all, it has also been discovered that supplementing CM at
a dose as low as 6 grams a day significantly reduced muscle fatigue,
increased ATP production by 34%, and caused a 20% increase in
Phosphocreatine recovery after exercise3. What this means is that Citrulline
Malate improved aerobic metabolism, cellular energy production, and promoted
muscular recovery.
Citrulline Malate works by powering ATP (major energy source for muscles)
production and by eliminating metabolic pollutants such as Lactic Acid and
Ammonia from the blood. Citrulline stimulates energy, boosts the immune
system, is metabolized to form L-Arginine and as a result regulate Nitric
Oxide production, and detoxifies ammonia, which damages living cells. All
exercise results in production of Ammonia.
Malate conditions the recycling of lactate and pyruvate and is part of
the kreb cycle and can supply instant and sustained energy. While the
Citrulline part of Citrulline Malate acts to increase NO and to eliminate
performance inhibiting metabolic toxins, the Malate part keeps our energy
cycle going.
Citrulline Malate also aids in recovery. Subsequent to exercise, muscle
levels of creatine phosphate are reduced and it takes some time for levels
to be re-elevated. The more Creatine Phosphate your muscles have the
stronger and better able to perform they will be. Citrulline Malate
stimulates phosphocreatine recovery after exercise, meaning faster
recuperation between workouts, and muscles that are primed for growth and
your next training session.
The minimum dose required for positive effects is 6 grams a day. However
some studies have used doses as high as 18 grams a day with remarkable
results. I personally experimented with doses as high as 15 grams a day and
noticed more profound effect then when I was doing 6 grams a day.
Nevertheless, 6 grams a day is enough to notice the ergogenic and health
promoting properties of CM.
Most of the studies on Citrulline Malate show an increased ability to
produce energy through our body's aerobic energy producing cycle.
Strength athletes tend to be more concerned with increasing anaerobic
energy which is used for explosive movements. Studies clearly show that CM
favors the renal (having to do with the kidneys) reabsorption of
bicarbonates and protects against metabolic acidosis.1
Very briefly?Anaerobic work involves the breakdown of glycogen. As a
result of depleted glycogen stores from anaerobic work, Hydrogen Ions (H+)
and lactic Acid in the muscle and blood both increase.
This rise in H+ is what causes an increase in acidity in the muscle and
leads to the burning sensation of the muscles, fatigue and the failure to
maintain high exercise intensity for prolonged periods. It is believed this
decrease in ph and increase in acidity is what results in muscular fatigue
and the decreased ability for the muscle to contract4,5.
Bicarbonates are our body's way of coping with the increased levels of H+
and a decreased pH. Bicarbonates work by stimulating the removal of H+ and
lactic acid out of the muscle6.
So by aiding in the reabsorption of bicarbonates, CM may also help with
increasing the anaerobic threshold and delaying the build up of H+ and
lactic acid.
For increased athletic performance, here is my
list of compounds to stack with CM and what they do:
-
Carnosine: Helps to increase the
anaerobic threshold by buffering lactic acid.
-
L-Carnitine: Boosts V02 max, spares
glycogen, promotes recovery and stimulates energy production.
-
Creatine: Helps to enhance performance by
increasing skeletal muscle creatine phosphate stores and fueling ATP
production.
-
Arginine (and various Arginine salts):
Neutralizes ammonia and is involved in a variety of enzymes and hormones;
insulin, growth hormone, nitric oxide and creatine production.
-
B-Vitamins: Coenzymes involved in energy
production.
-
CoQ-10: plays a vital role in production
of energy in every cell of the body, aids in circulation, and increases
tissue oxygenation.
-
Zinc: not only does it boost testosterone
production and boost the immune system, but it is an essential trace
element that activates the urea cycle.
References:
1. A.
Callis, B. Magnan de Bornier, J.J. Serrano, H. Bellet, and R. Saumade.
Activity of Citrulline Malate on Acid-Base Balance and Blood Ammonia and
Amino Acid Levels
2. Wilkerson
JE, Batterson DL, Horvath SM. Exercise induced changes in blood ammonia
levels in humans. Eur J Apple Physiol 1977; 37:255-263.
3. Dhanakoti,
S. N. et al, Am. J. Physiol. 259:E437-E442, (1990)
4. Bendahan
D, Mattei JP, Ghattas B, Confort-Gouny S, Le Guern ME, Cozzone PJ. Br J
Sports Med. 2002 Aug; 36(4):282-9. Citrulline/malate promotes aerobic energy
production in human exercising muscle.